In woocommerce v2.1.12 shop
Ajax url to add items to the cart looks similar to this
?add-to-cart=[PRODUCT-ID]&variation_id=[VARIATION-ID]&attribute_[ATTRIBUTE-NAME]=[ATTRIBUTE-SLUG]&attribute_[ATTRIBUTE-NAME]=[ATTRIBUTE-SLUG]
Example
http://example.com/store/category/product/?add-to-cart=239&variation_id=240&attribute_pa_size=48-2&attribute_pa_color=gold
It will add the specific product to the cart as well as sets the variation attributes. Also allows you to fix the quantity by adding &quantity=[VALUE]